- Ipshita Bansal
- Shveta Acharya
- Arun Kumar Sharma
- Smitha Ratheesh
- Sujit Basu
- K. Sonu Sharma
- G. Vidya Sagar
- T. R. Baggi
- A. K. Gupta
- Rekha Agarwal
- Ashwani Kumar Dubey
- Anil Arora
- Meenakshi Saxena
- Renu Bhutra
- K. V. S. R. Prasad
- Neeraj Agarwal
- V. S. R. Prasad
- Antima Gangwal
- Pradeep Thapliyal
- Rishi Gangwar
- Prateek Kumar
- Raj Kumar
- Aditya Chaudhary
- Surisetty V. V. Arun Kumar
- Rakesh Kumar Luhar
- Ch. Venkateswarlu
- B. Sivaiah
- Suchandra A. Bhowmick
- R. Sundar
- R. Venkatesan
- C. Anoopa Prasad
- K. N. Navaneeth
- Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management
- Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
- Current Science
- Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology
- Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry
- Indian Journal of Science and Technology
- Journal of Pure and Applied Ultrasonics
- Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Sharma, Rashmi
- A Study of the Effect of Managerial Level on Achievement Motivavation of Oil and Natural Gas Company Managers
Authors
1 Senior Assistant Professor, Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management, Dwarka, New Delhi, IN
2 Professor-Management, FMS-WISDOM, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, Vol 1, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 25-31Abstract
For any organisation, its human capital is the most unique asset as it helps in the actualisation of organisational mission, goals and objectives. Only a highly motivated workforce can help in achieving what all organisations strive for. Organisations have been searching for means and methods to keep employees motivated. Different researches in the area of motivation reveal that some people have a stronger desire to achieve their respective goals as compared to people who are not so concerned about goal achievement. Achievement motivation is the drive to attain success by choosing activities that can help in goal actualization. Achievement motivated people consistently try and find solution to a problem and remain focused on the goal. Tangible reward of success does not deter a person with high level of achievement motivation. Thus, organisations must find measures to keep such employees motivated. In studies conducted so far, the effect of managerial level on achievement motivation has not been studied. The present study was conducted to identify the effect of managerial level on the achievement motivation of E4 (Superintending Engineer)&E5 (Chief Engineer) level managers in India's leading PSU, Oil and Natural Gas Company (ONGC). The sample for the study was collected from ONGC's five regional offices. Of the total sample of 69 managers, 29 were at E4 (Superintending Engineer) managerial level and 40 were at E5 (Chief Engineer) managerial level. The target sample was only E4 and E5 level managers of ONGC since the turnover at these two levels was relatively higher than other managerial levels. A questionnaire having 52 questions was administered. For the present study, the variables considered were: achievement motivation (Dependent variable) and Management Level: E4&E5 (Independent variable). For the purpose of analysis SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical data analysis. Independent sample t-test, Factor Analysis, Descriptive and Reliability Analysis was applied keeping in mind the nature of hypotheses. According to the findings, E4 and E5 level managers are not significantly demotivated but lack sportsmanship; however, E5 level managers are significantly better in terms of attitude towards work. It may be concluded that E5 level managers do not have significantly higher level of achievement motivation than E4 level of managers. Thus, managerial level may not necessarily increase the achievement motivation significantly. The findings of the study were thought-provoking and implied that managers at level E4&E5 are significantly less achievement motivated and thus do not strive to take growth opportunities as a challenge and means to learn or gain knowledge. The study was conducted to provide recommendations to policy makers so as to bring about higher level of achievement motivation in ONGC managers particularly at level E4 & E5Keywords
Achievement Motivation, Chief Engineer, Managers, Oil and Natural Gas Company, PSU Superintending EngineerReferences
- Atkinson, J. W. (1964). An Introduction to Motivation. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
- Atkinson, J. W. & Feather, N. T. (1966). A Theory of Achievement Motivation. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
- Bloom, M. & Michael, J. G. (2002). The Relationship among Organization’s Content Pay Dispersion and Managerial Turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), pp. 33-42.
- Deo, P. & Mohan, A. (2002). Deo-Mohan Achievement Motivation Scale (n-Ach). Manual for DMAMS. Agra: National Psychological Corporation.
- Elliott, A. J. Shell, M. M., Bonas, H. K. & Maier, M. A. (2005). Achievement Goals, Performance Contingencies and Performance Attainment: An Experimental Test. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(4), pp. 630-640.
- Eskildsen, J. K., Kristensen, K. & Westlund, A. H. (2002). Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction in the Nordic Countries. Employee Relations, 26(2), pp. 122-136.
- Helmreich, R. L. & Spence, J. T. (1978). The Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire: An Objective Instrument to assess Components of Achievement Motivation and Attitudes toward Family and Career. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 8, pp. 355.
- Helmreich, R. L. & Spence, J. T. (1983). Achievement-Related Motives and Behavior. Achievement and Achievement Motives: Psychological and Sociological Approaches. San francisco: Freeman.
- Jindal, S. D. & Snape, J. B. (2006). Motivation of Scientists in a Government Research Institute - Scientists’ Perceptions and The Role of Management. Management Decision, 44(10), pp. 1325-1343.
- Mcclelland, D. C. (1953). The Achievement Motivation. Appleton-Century-Crofits: New York.
- Tiffany A. & Cacioppo, J. T. (2005). Variations on Human Universal - Individual Differences in Positivity Offset and Negativity Bias. Cognition and Emotion, 19(1), pp. 1-26
- Yeo, G. B. & Neal, A. (2004). A Multi-Level Analysis of Effort, Practice and Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(2), pp. 231-247.
- Yu, A. B. & Yang, K. S. (1994). The Nature of Achievement Motivation in Collectivist Societies. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. C. Choi, & G.Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Methods, and Applications, (pp. 239-250). London: Sage Publications.
- Removal of Sulphur Dioxide from Exhaust Sulphurous Flue Gases at Shree Cement Ltd., Beawar for Environment Cleaning
Authors
1 Department of Chemistry, S.D. Government College, Beawar-305 901, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 9, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 559-562Abstract
Laboratory studies were conducted to know about the effect of pH of sodium hydroxide solution and its temperature for absorption of SO2 contained in flue gases. it was found that the pH of the solution should be alkaline for good absorption of SO2. Because of the acidic nature of SO2, the reaction is restricted in acidic solution. and maximum absorption of SO2 was found in temperature range between 20-25°C. At higher temperature reversible reaction may take place and partially formed product may be changed back into initial reactants.Keywords
Flue Gases, Sulphur Dioxide, Desulphurization, Shree Cement Ltd.- Municipal Solid Waste Management in Ajmer City, Rajasthan: An Overview
Authors
1 Department of Zoology, Govt. College, Ajmer-305 001, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 7, No 4 (2008), Pagination: 639-642Abstract
Human activity generates considerable amount of solid waste. The nature of waste varies depending upon the kind of activity. Municipal and biomedical wastes are the major solid wastes contributed from the urban centre, Ajmer. Ajmer has Dargah of Khwaja Mounuddin Chishty, a pilgrimage centre for muslims of the world, and Pushkar pilgrimage for the Hindus of the world. The study was carried out to understand the present status of solid waste management of the city. The total quantity of solid waste generated in the city is around 950 TPD (tons per day) with a per capita generation of 0.35 kg. Sporadic incineration is very common and no proper disposal facility has been provided for the municipal solid waste.Keywords
Municipal Solid Waste, Biomedical Waste, SW Management, Ajmer City, Landfill.- Quality of Rain Water Harvested at Roof Level and in some Ponds of Ajmer District, Rajasthan
Authors
1 Department of Zoology, Govt. College, Ajmer-305 001, Rajasthan, IN
Source
Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, Vol 7, No 3 (2008), Pagination: 521-524Abstract
Rain water samples were collected at roof level at Pushkar and Budha Pushkar during July, 2007. Water samples were also collected from 2 ponds around in Ajmer district. Physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters were analysed. Roof water was found to be pure and free from bacteriological contamination. Pond water is turbid and has high iron content with objectionable bacteriological pollution load. collection of roof water for drinking purpose was found to be encouraging. Pond water needs treatment before use.Keywords
Rain Water Harvesting, Roof Water, Pond Water, Bacteriological Pollution, Drinking Water.- Estimating Biological Parameters of a Coupled Physical-Biological Model of the Indian Ocean Using Polynomial Chaos
Authors
1 Oceanic Sciences Division, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Group, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 110, No 8 (2016), Pagination: 1544-1549Abstract
A statistical emulator technique, namely polynomial chaos, has been used to estimate two time-dependent biological parameters of a coupled physical-biological model of the Indian Ocean. This has been achieved by minimizing a distance function representing misfit between model simulated and satellite-derived surface chlorophyll. First, the parameters have been assumed to be constant in time and optimized values have been found by minimizing a time-averaged distance function. Since no significant improvement in model simulation has been found using a fixed set of optimum parameters, minimization has been carried out daily, assuming the parameters to be time-dependent. Emulation with this set of parameters has led to a significant improvement in the simulated surface chlorophyll. Smoothing of the parameters with singular spectrum analysis has caused less noisy simulations, at the cost of increasing the model data misfit. Time-varying parameters have been found to be more suitable for the hindcast of daily averaged chlorophyll both in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.Keywords
Coupled Physical–Biological Model, Distance Function, Polynomial Chaos, Surface Chlorophyll.- Fast Dissolving Tablets- A Review and Recent Advances in Manufacturing Technologies
Authors
1 Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IN
2 Mahatama Jyoti Rao Phule University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, IN
3 Veerayatan institute of Pharmacy, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, IN
Source
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Technology, Vol 2, No 2 (2010), Pagination: 120-124Abstract
Tablet swallowing difficulty primarily affects the geriatric and pediatric populations whereas unpalatable taste of drugs leads to patient noncompliance. To reduce these problems, a new dosage form known as Fast-Dissolving Tablet (FDT), is a tablet that dissolves or disintrigrants in the oral cavity without the need of water or chewing. It has been developed for oral administration, also called as fast-melt, rapimelts, porous tablets ,or fast disintegrating or orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs). In April 2007, the FDA issued a draft guidance, Guidance for Industry: Orally Disintegrating Tablets. Fast dissolving tablets can be prepared by various conventional methods like direct compression, wet granulation, moulding, spray drying, freeze drying, Cotton Candy Process and sublimation. In 1986, the first lyophilized fast-dissolving technology Zydis® was introduced (By Cardinal formerly R. P. Scherer) after that there was a continuous growth in names by different companies, now a number of fast-dissolving formulations are in market and the technology is still improving. Present review focuses on the need of FDTs, their advantages and comparative evaluation of latest technologies.
Keywords
Fast Dissolving Tablet, Orasolv, Durasolv, Patents.- Application of UV-Visible Spectrophotometry to Differentiate Inkjet Printer Inks Extracted from Printed Matter
Authors
1 Forensic Science Laboratory, Rohini, GNCT of Delhi-110085, IN
2 Forensic Science Unit, Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, A.P. 500007, IN
3 Department of Forensic Science, SHIATS, Allahabad, U.P.-211007, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry, Vol 9, No 6 (2016), Pagination: 245-254Abstract
The UV-Visible absorbance profile of cyan, magenta, yellow and black coloured inkjet printer inks for the differentiation and comparison was obtained by scanning the ink extracts under the wavelength range of 200-800 nm. The various parameters of absorption studies of extracts of different components of printer ink formulations in the visible and UV region enables to differentiate and distinguish different colour print document samples of distinct composition by their characteristic absorbance spectra and profile pattern.Keywords
UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Inkjet Printer Inks, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black.- FEM Analysis of Ultrasonic Transducer with Square and Circular Diaphragm
Authors
1 Department of Electronics and Commuication, Amity School of Engineering & Technology Bijwasan – 110061, New Delhi, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication, Amity University, Noida – 201303, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication, Thapar University, Patiala – 147004, Punjab, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 10, No 30 (2017), Pagination:Abstract
The objective of the paper is to design a Microelectronic Mechanical Systems(MEMS) based Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) which has been found to be superior in terms of bandwidth, transduction efficiency and array fabrication as compared to conventional piezoelectric transducers. With the years CMUT has been shown with different element geometries and fabrication techniques, however the optimization techniques and the application areas for the device persist. In this paper CMUT is simulated in COMSOL with Square and Circular diaphragm. FEM analysis is being carried out considering the same area for both the geometries in 3D.CMUT dynamics have been modeled by combining the Electrostatic module, Solid Mechanics Module and Mesh modules in COMSOL. The distributed stress and electric field are measured as function of time. This gives the exact comparison for the Eigen frequency, pull in voltage, deflection with applied DC bias and deflection of the diaphragm with AC superimposed on DC considering the isotropic Silicon as the diaphragm material. This simulation work provides results for the researcher to conclude on the geometry of the device prior to fabrication.Keywords
Circular, Deflection, Diaphragm, Eigen Frequency, FEM Analysis, Square, Ultrasonic Transducer- Ultrasonic Studies of Cu (II) Soaps Derived from Groundnut and Seasame Oils
Authors
1 Department of Chemistry, S.P.C. Govt. College Ajmer-305001, IN
2 Department of Chemistyr, S.D. Govt. College Beawar-305901, IN
Source
Journal of Pure and Applied Ultrasonics, Vol 39, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 92-99Abstract
Ultrasonic speed have been measured in pure and binary mixtures containing copper soaps derived from groundnut and sesame oils in 20 % and 40% methanol benzene mixture. From these values, the specific acoustic impedance, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, apparent molar compressibility, molar sound velocity, primary solvation number have been calculated. The results have been fitted to Masson equation. The results have been explained on the basis of intermolecular interactions.Keywords
Copper Soaps, Methanol, Groundnut Oil, Sesame Oil, Ultrasonic Speed.References
- Pawar N.R. and Chimankar O.P., Comparative study of ultrasonic absorption and relaxation behavior of polar solute and non-polar solvent, J. Pure Appl. Ultrason. 34 (2012) 49-52.
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- Nath G., Ultrasonic Study of Binary Mixture of Acetone with Bromo benzene and Chloro benzene at Different Frequencies, Chem. Sci. Trans. 1(3) (2012) 516-521.
- Moharatha D., Talukdar M., Roy G.S. and Dash U.N., Evaluation of acoustic parameters of halides of alkali metals and Ammonium in aqueous and aqueous Dextran solutions at 298.15K, Researcher 3 (2011) 6-12.
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- Singh G. and Banipal T.S., Partial molar adiabatic compressibilities and viscosities of some amino acids in aqueous glycerol solutions at 298.15K, Indian J. Chem. 47A (2008) 1355.
- Sharma R., Bhutra R. and Khan S., Micellar Behaviour of Copper Surfactants Derived from Fresh (Untreated) Sesame Oil and Used (Treated at High Temperature) Sesame Oil, Tenside Surf Det. 47 106-112.
- Das J., Dash K., Swain S.K. and Swain N., Ultrasonic investigation in a polar-polar system, methyl-Isobutyl Ketone and aliphatic alcohols, J. Mol. Liquids. 81 (1999) 163-179.
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- Ali A., Hyder S. and Nain A.K., Intermolecular and ion solvent interaction of sodium iodide and potassium iodide in dimethyl formamide + I-propanol mixtures at 303K, J. Pure Appl. Ultrason. 21 (1999) 127-131.
- Punitha S. and Uvarani R., Physico-chemical studies on some saccharides in aqueous cellulose solutions at different temperatures- Acoustical and FTIR analysis J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 18 (2014) 657-665.
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- Dash A.K. and Paikaray R., Acoustical study on ternary mixture of dimethyl acetamide (DMAC) in diethyl ether and isobutyl methyl ketone at different frequencies, Phys.Chem. Liq. 51(6) (2013) 749-763.
- Singh S. and Bahadur I., Density and speed of sound of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulphate with acetic or propionic acid at different temperatures, J. Mol. Liq. 199 (2014) 518-523.
- Jahagirdar B.V., Arbad. B.R., Walvekar. A.A., Shankarwer A.G. and Lande M., Studies in partial molar volumes, partial molar compressibilities and viscosity Bcoefficients of caffeine in water at four temperatures, J. mol. liq. 85 (2000) 361-373.
- Studies of Ultrasonic and Acoustic Parameters of Cu (II) Surfactant of Fresh and Treated Sesame and Soyabean Oils at High Temperature for Different Time
Authors
1 Department of Chemistry, Rajesh Pilot Government Polytechnic College, Dausa-303303, IN
2 S.P.C. Government College, Ajmer-305001, IN
3 Government P.G. College, Jhalawar-326001, IN
Source
Journal of Pure and Applied Ultrasonics, Vol 40, No 2 (2018), Pagination: 46-51Abstract
Colloid chemical behavior and micellar characteristics of Cu (II) soaps derived from sesame and soyabean oils, (fresh oils and treated for 15 and 60 min.) at high temperature in benzene have been investigated and verified by ultrasonic velocity measurement. From these values, the specific acoustic impedance Z, adiabatic compressibility βad, intermolecular free length Lf, apparent molar compressibility Øk, molar sound velocity R, primary solvation number Sn have been calculated. The results have been analyzed in terms of Masson's equation. The results have been explained on the basis of solute-solvent interactions. The decrease in β and Lf with increasing concentration of the complex is indicating that there is sufficient solute- solvent interaction due to which micellar alignment is considerably affected.Keywords
Copper Surfactants, Benzene, Sesame Oil, Soyabean Oil, Ultrasonic, Solute-Solvent Interaction.References
- Saxena M., Sharma R. and Sharma A.K., Micellar Features of Cu (II) surfactants derived from edible oils "ISBN 978-620-2-01906-4" LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Germany (2017).
- Sharma A.K., Saxena M. and Sharma R., Synthesis, spectroscopic and fungicidal studies of Cu (II) soaps derived from groundnut and sesame oils and their urea complexes, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 36(2) (2017) 26-37.
- Khan S., Sharma R. and Sharma A.K., Acoustic studies and other acoustic parameters of Cu(II) soap derived from nonedible neem oil (azadirecta indica), in non-aqueous media at 298.15, Acta Ac united Ac. 104 (2018) 277-283
- Sharma A.K., Saxena M. and Sharma R., Synthesis, spectroscopic and biocidal activities of environmentally safe Agrochemicals, J. Biochem. Tech. 7(3) (2018) 1139-1147.
- Tank P., Sharma R. and Sharma A.K., Studies of Ultrasonic and acoustic parameters of complexes derived from Copper (II) surfactant of mustard oil with N and S atoms containing ligands in non-aqueous media (benzene) at 303.15 K. J. Acous. Soc. Ind. 44(2) (2017) 87-99.
- Bhutra R., Sharma R. and Sharma, A.K., Viscometric and CMC studies of Cu(II) surfactants derived from untreated and treated groundnut and mustard oils in non-aqueous solvent at 298.15 K, J. Inst. Chemists. 90 (2017) 29-47.
- Sharma S., Sharma R. and Sharma A.K., Synthesis, Characterization, and thermal degradation of Cu (II) Surfactants for sustainable green chem, Asian J. Green Chem. 2(2) (2017) 129-140.
- Sharma S., Sharma R., Heda L.C. and Sharma, A.K., Kinetic parameters and photo degradation studies of copper soap derived from soybean oil using ZnO as a Photo catalyst in solid and solution Phase, J. Inst. Chemists. 89(4) (2017) 119-136.
- Tank P., Sharma R. and Sharma A.K., A pharmaceutical approach and antifungal activities of copper Soaps with their N and S donor complexes derived from mustard and soyabean oils, Glob. J. Pharmaceu. Sci. 3(4) (2017) GJPPS.MS.ID.555619.
- Khan S., Sharma R. and Sharma A.K., Ultrasonic studies of Cu (II) Soap derived from seed oil of Pongamia pinnata (Karanj), in non-aqueous binary and ternary systems at 298.15K. Malaysian J. Chem. 19(2) (2017) 99-110.
- Sharma A.K., Saxena M. and Sharma R., Ultrasonic studies of copper soaps urea complexes derived from mustard and soyabean oils. J. Phy. Sci. (2018) (Accepted).
- Sharma A.K., Saxena M. and Sharma R., Ultrasonic studies of Cu (II) soaps derived from mustard and soybean oils. J. Pure Appl. Ultrason, 39(3) (2017) 92-99.
- Tank P., Sharma R. and Sharma A.K., Micellar features and various interactions of copper soap complexes derived from edible mustard oil in benzene at 303.15 K. Curr. Phy. Chem. 8(1) (2018) 46-57.
- Sharma R. and Sharma A.K., Natural edible oils: comparative health aspects of sesame, coconut, mustard (rape seed) and groundnut (peanut) a biomedical approach, Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res. 1(5) (2017) BJSTR.MS.ID.000441.
- Tank P., Sharma A.K. and Sharma R., Thermal behaviour and kinetics of copper (II) soaps and complexes derived from mustard and soyabean oil, J. Anal. Pharm. Res. 4(2) (2017) 1-5.
- Sharma A.K., Saxena M. and Sharma R., Ultrasonic studies of Cu (II) Soaps derived from Groundnut and Sesame oils, Tenside. Surf. Det. 55(2) (2018) 127-134.
- Bhutra R., Sharma R. and Sharma A.K., Synthesis, Characterization and fungicidal activities of Cu (II) surfactants derived from groundnut and mustard oils treated at high temperatures, J. Inst. Chemists. 90(3) (2018) 66-80.
- Sharma A.K., Sharma R. and Saxena M., Biomedical and antifungal application of Cu(II) soaps and its urea complexes derived from various oils, Open Access J. Trans. Med. Res. 2(2) (2018) 40-43.
- Sharma A.K., Sharma S. and Sharma R., Thermal degradation of Cu (II) metallic soaps and their Characterizations. A pharmaceutical application, Chro. Phar Sci., 1(5) (2017) 312-319.
- Sharma A.K., Saxena M. and Sharma R., Acoustic studies of copper Soap-urea complexes derived from groundnut and seasam oils. J. Phy. Studies, 21(4) (2017) 4601-6.
- Seasonal Behaviour of Upper Ocean Freshwater Content in the Bay of Bengal:Synergistic Approach Using Model and Satellite Data
Authors
1 Space Applications Centre, Oceanic Sciences Division, Ahmedabad 380 058, IN
2 Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 115, No 1 (2018), Pagination: 99-107Abstract
Any Change In Precipitation, Evaporation And River Discharge, By Virtue Of Its Impact On The Distribution Of Ocean Salinity, Leaves Its Inevitable Signature On The Freshwater Content (fwc) In The Oceans. In This Study, Synergistic Use Of Satellite Data And Numerical Ocean Circulation Model Is Explored To Examine The Seasonality Of Fwc Of The Upper 30 M Water Column Of The Bay Of Bengal (bob). For This Purpose, First The Sea Surface Salinity (sss) From Aquarius Is Assimilated Into A Model Of The Indian Ocean. Strength Of Assimilation Is Judged By Comparing Simulated Sss With Satellite And Argo Datasets. An Overall Improvement Of 39% Is Observed In Sss Over Free Run Of The Model Without Data Assimilation. Next, The Focus Is Shifted To The Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Fwc Of The Upper 30 M Of Bob In Relation To The Different Components Of Freshwater Forcing. A Delay Of Three Months In The Peak Of Fwc Is Observed With Respect To The Peak Of Net Freshwater Influx For Bob As A Whole. However, The Nature Of The Response Of Fwc To The Total Freshwater Input Forcing In The Major River-dominated Regions Of Bob Is Different From That For The Whole Bob. The Relative Role Of River Influx In Controlling Fwc In These Regions Is Well Brought Out In The Study. For The Ganga–brahmaputra Region, River Run-off Is Observed To Be A Crucial Parameter In Regulating Fwc, Whereas For Both Irrawaddy River Region And Central Bob, Precipitation Dominates The Response. The Response Of Salinity In The Uppermost Part Of The Northern Bob To The Total Freshwater Input Is Much More Rapid Than In The Other Regions.Keywords
Freshwater Content, Sea Surface Salinity, Seasonal Variability, Upper Ocean Region.References
- Sengupta, D., Bharath Raj, G. N. and Shenoi, S. S. C., Surface freshwater from Bay of Bengal runoff and Indonesian Through-flow in the tropical Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2006, 33, L22609; doi:10.1029/2006GL027573.
- Perigaud, C., McCreary, J. P. and Zhang, K. Q., Impact of inter-annual rainfall anomalies on Indian Ocean salinity and temperature variability. J. Geophys. Res., 2003, 108, 3319; doi:10.1029/2002JC001699.
- Rao, R. R. and Sivakumar, R., Seasonal variability of sea surface salinity and salt budget of the mixed layer of the north Indian Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 2003, 108, 3009; doi:10.1029/2001JC000907.
- Sharma, R., Mankad, B., Agarwal, N., Kumar, R. and Basu, S., An assessment of two different satellite-derived precipitation products in relation to simulation of sea surface salinity in the tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 2012, 117, C07001; doi:10.1029/2012JC008078.
- Gadgil, S., Joseph, P. V. and Joshi, N. V., Ocean–atmosphere coupling over monsoon regions. Nature 1984, 312, 141–143.
- Neetu, S. et al., Influence of upper ocean stratification on tropical cyclone-induced surface cooling in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 2012, 117, C12020, 3315–3329; doi:10.1029/2012JC008433/
- Pant, V., Girishkumar, M. S., Udaya Bhaskar, T. V. S., Ravichandran, M., Papa, F. and Thangaprakash, V. P., Observed interannual variability of near-surface salinity in the Bay of Bengal, J. Geophys. Res., 2015, 120; doi:10.1002/2014JC010340.
- Akhil, V. P. et al., A modeling study of the processes of surface salinity seasonal cycle in the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 2014, 119, 3926–3947; doi:10.1002/2013JC009632.
- Wiffels, S. E., Schmitt, R. W., Bryden, H. R. and Stigebrandt, A., Transport of freshwater by Oceans. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 1992, 22, 155–162.
- Behara, A. and Vinayachandran, P. N., An OGCM study of the impact of rain and river water forcing on the Bay of Bengal. J. Geophys. Res., 2016, 121, 2425–2446; doi:10.1002/2015JC011325.
- Chakraborty, A., Sharma, R., Kumar, R. and Basu, S., A SEEK filter assimilation of sea surface salinity from Aquarius in an OGCM: implication for surface dynamics and thermohaline structure. J. Geophys. Res., 2014, 119, 4777–4796; doi:10.1002/2014JC009984.
- Chakraborty, A., Sharma, R., Kumar, R. and Basu, S., Joint assimilation of Aquarius-derived sea surface salinity and AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature in an ocean general circulation model using SEEK filter: implication for mixed layer depth and barrier layer thickness. J. Geophys. Res., 2015, 120, 6927–6942; doi:10.1002/2015JC010934.
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- Karyotyping:Spying the Faulty Genes
Authors
1 Army College of Nursing, Jalandhar Cantt, IN
Source
Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, Vol 9, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 469-470Abstract
Karyotype is number of chromosomes and its appearance in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell3. And the study of karyotype is called Karyotyping or chromosomal analysis. It provides insight to the genes in order to detect any genetic and chromosomal problems. A small sample of individual’s cells is sufficient to rule out ischolar_main cause of genetic disorder. In this, chromosomes of an organism are paired and ordered by using standardised staining procedure, enables to analyze its characteristics and structural features2. It reveals chromosomal deletions, translocations, duplication and inversions2. Karyotyping in the present scenario indeed act as a boon and ensure wellbeing of foetus.Keywords
Karyotype, Congenital Anomalies, Foetus, Genetic Mutations, Chromosome and Genes.References
- https ://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/karyotyping-for-chromosomal-anormalities-298
- https://www.labtestsonline.org.au/learning/test-index/chromosome-analysis-karyotyping
- . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype
- . https://www.webmd.com/baby/what-is-a-karyotype-test#1
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- Acoustic Parameters and Studies of Complexes Containing Copper Surfactants with Substituted 2-Amino-6-Chloro Benzothiazole
Authors
1 Department of Chemistry, Government P.G. College, Jhalawar-326001, IN
2 Department of Chemistry, S.P.C. Government College, Ajmer-305001, IN
Source
Journal of Pure and Applied Ultrasonics, Vol 41, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 63-68Abstract
Ultrasonic speed and density parameters have been measured in binary and ternary systems containing complexes of copper surfactants (caprylate, caprate, and laurate) with substituted 2-amino-6-chloro benzothiazole in 80% and 40% benzene-methanol mixture at constant temperature using thermostatic water bath. From these values, the specific acoustic impedance Z, adiabatic compressibility , intermolecular free length Lf, apparent molar compressibility φk, have been calculated. The results have been explained on the basis of intermolecular interactions and indicate that there is sufficient solute-solvent interaction due to which micellar alignment is considerably affected. The decrease in adiabatic compressibility β and intermolecular free length Lf of the copper surfactant complex solution with increasing concentration of copper surfactant complex in 80% and 40% benzene methanol has been observed which suggest that the non-polar long chains or lypophilic segment of the molecule in the solution are enveloped by a layer of solvent molecules bound and oriented towards lypophilic end. The orientation of the solvent molecules around the solutes may be due to the influence of electrostatic fields of solutes and results in the increase in the internal pressure and in lowering the compressibility of the solution i.e. the solution becomes harder to compress.Keywords
Acoustic Parameters, Benzothiazole, Copper, Surfactants.References
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- Geostationary Satellite-Based Observations for Ocean Applications
Authors
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere and Planetary Sciences Area, Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 506-515Abstract
The study presents assessment and potential oceanographic applications of sea-surface temperature (SST), ocean net shortwave radiation (SWR) and chlorophyll concentration (CC) observations obtained from various geostationary platforms. SST and SWR from imager on-board Indian National Satellite (INSAT- 3D) and CC from Global Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) on-board communication ocean and meteorological satellite (COMS) have been used in the analysis. Relative advantages of high temporal resolution obtained from the geostationary platform compared to polar orbiting platforms are demonstrated. Comparison of INSAT-3D SST with observations gives a correlation of 0.85 and RMSE of 0.81 K. These platforms definitely provide a highly reliable source of continuous observations, which is useful in monitoring dynamic oceanic features such as thermal fronts, chlorophyll blooms, air–sea exchange fluxes, etc. on diurnal to daily timescales.Keywords
Chlorophyll Concentration, Geostationary Satellites, INSAT-3D, Sea-surface Temperature, Shortwave Radiation.References
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- Role of Ocean Dynamics on Mesoscale and Sub-Mesoscale Variability of Ekman Pumping for the Bay of Bengal using SCATSAT-1 Forced Ocean Model Simulations
Authors
1 Oceanic Sciences Division, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 993-1001Abstract
Role of ocean dynamics on vertical velocity of Ekman pumping (VVE) is analysed using simulations from very high resolution Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) configured for the Bay of Bengal (BoB). For this purpose, OGCM is forced with SCATSAT-1 scatterometer wind fields for 2017. Three mechanisms which modify VVE in the ocean are addressed in this study; the first results from the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) on wind field, and the other two arise from the influence of ocean surface currents (OSCs) on the wind field. Analysis for different length scales ranging from mesoscale to sub-mesoscale is also carried out. The results suggest a significant role of ocean dynamics on VVE, especially over submesoscale range (spatial scales of the order of 2– 10 km). Relative vorticity of OSC-induced Ekman pumping is found to be quite high (~3 m/day) at 2 km length scale, especially along the periphery of mesoscale eddies and along the filament structures. Impact of SST on VVE is least amongst the three factors and is observed to be significant only up to the length scales of 30 km. For length scales less than 10 km, relative vorticity-induced Ekman pumping increases drastically and the total Ekman pumping vertical velocity is predominantly controlled by the relative vorticity of OSC-induced Ekman pumping only.Keywords
Ekman Pumping, Ocean Dynamics, Scatterometers, Vertical Velocity, Wind Field.References
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- Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Volume 8:Oceans
Authors
1 Oceanic Sciences Division, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 11 (2019), Pagination: 1920-1921Abstract
Comprehensive Remote Sensing is a series of nine volumes comprising allinclusive discussions across various disciplines of the earth system in the context of remote sensing. The editor-inchief, Shunlin Liang, has done a commendable job in bringing together more than 100 authors to contribute nearly 120 chapters in these series. Volume 8 of the series is specifically dedicated to the oceans. This volume comprises 11 chapters covering various aspects of ocean remote sensing.- Design And Development of a Low-Cost GNSS Drifter for Rip Currents
Authors
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Mechanical Engineering Systems Area, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015,, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 273-279Abstract
Lagrangian drifters are analogues of particles that are relevant to flow-field characterization and therefore they represent realistic surface currents compared to Eulerian techniques. The use of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) in such drifters with Differential Global Positioning System mode at high frequency (5–10 Hz) sampling and post-processing kinematic results in position estimates with centimeter-level accuracy. In the complex nearshore zone, deploying expensive instruments is a risk due to greater chances of loss. To avoid this, two drifters have been designed and developed using a low-cost Emlid Reach® GNSS receivers, antennae and ‘off-the-shelf’ PVC components to measure the surface currents. The dimensions of the drifters were optimally chosen to minimize the wind and wave impacts and to increase the subsurface current drag. An analysis of relative position and velocity errors from stationary observations indicates that the drifter can resolve motion accurately with minimal errors of ±1 cm and ±2 cm/s respectively. These drifters were used to measure surf zone currents at the RK Beach, Visakhapatnam during May 2018 and to successfully identify dangerous rip current zones. This study presents the design, development aspects, error analysis and testing of GNSS drifters. Although these drifters are primarily developed to measure the rip current velocities and trajectories in the nearshore zone, they can also be operated in any marine environment like rivers, lakes, estuaries, etc. without change in the design. An extensive study using a fleet of such drifters is required to understand the complex physical processes in the marine environment.Keywords
Drifter, Error Estimation, Rip Currents, Relative Position and Velocity.References
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- Retrieval of High-Resolution Nearshore Bathymetry from Sentinel-2 Twin Multispectral Imagers using a Multi-Scene Approach
Authors
1 Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere, Planetary Sciences and Applications Area, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 004, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 11 (2020), Pagination: 1824-1830Abstract
Determining nearshore bathymetry by traditional surveying methods is a challenging task as it involves huge costs and efforts. Most of the coastal shallowwater zones worldwide either remain unmapped or not updated. Bathymetry estimations from optical satellite imageries have been increasingly implemented as an alternative tool for traditional bathymetry surveys. In this study, we examine the usefulness of freely available, five-day revisit and relatively highresolution Multi Spectral Instruments (MSI) on-board Sentinel-2A and 2B twin satellites. A process workflow has been developed which automatically incorporates a robust atmospheric correction through ACOLITE software and multi-scene compositing of several scenes to improve the reliability and no data gaps. Two study sites in India are explored owing to their variability in submarine morphology. High-resolution bathymetry maps are generated through a log-ratio transform model calibrated with minimal in situ data from the jet ski soundings. The satellite-derived bathymetry obtained has an overall bias of –0.01 and 0.02 m, and ischolar_main mean square error of 1.09 and 0.93 m respectively, at two study sites up to 15 m depth. The consistency in bathymetry retrieval indicates a potential for automated application for the benefit of operational and scientific studies. These high-resolution maps capture small-scale nearshore features like sandbars and rip channels, which are of prime importance for coastal and beach managers.Keywords
Optical Remote Sensing, Multispectral Imagers, Nearshore Bathymetry Maps, Rip Channel, Twin Satellites.- Cyclone Amphan: Oceanic Conditions Pre- and Post-Cyclone using in situ and Satellite Observations
Authors
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 National Institute of Ocean Technology, MOES, Chennai 600 100, IN